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What is Metaverse? Are we very close to live in immersive digital world alongside physical world?

Hi everyone! So, here I’m with the hot topic for you that’s gaining popularity never like before- Metaverse! With excessive use of these terms by majority of news portals and tech websites recently, you might be thinking what actually is the metaverse?

Firstly, to understand fundamental about Metaverse, let’s dissect its word structure or say it syllable. Metaverse is a word which is combination of two words “Meta” which means beyond and “Verse” referring to Universe. So combinedly, it’s beyond what we see and feel in our very surrounding.

Well, to start, if we think of the internet as revolutionary technology than we might be known to the fact that lots of expert discussions are centered to Web 3.0, which is supposed to be the recent version of world wide web. We’re all familiar with world wide web(WWW) or say it just “web” and maybe some of us already delved into “web development” as well. What we were doing on web was just using playing with linear two dimensional constructs like images, texts, web pages, animations etc. And now, the metaverse is playing with spatial construct as opposed to the previous web. By saying space, it’s not just a game or entertainment stuff.

It’s blend of real universe with immaginary universe that is created collaboratively by independent users or organizations with the help of recent technological advancements like Augmented Reality(AR) and Virtual Reality(VR). We can refer metaverse as the latest and future version of the internet as well and so do the majority of tech giants.

Majority of general public believe that the idea behind metaverse is same as experiences that they gain by participating in the virtual gaming platforms with an avatar of self. FYI, avatar is a virtual version of ourselves that we control as we explore this entirely new online frontier.

Wait, but what will we actually do with avatars in metaverse? It it just like Social media with 3D avatars of people talking with each other and hanging out? That understanding is not wrong either but it’s not everything!

Technology world, regarding metaverse, is just in adoption and testing phase and some players are already working towards this technology to great extent. But, rather than confining our imagination just to what we’re seeing as metaverse right now, it’s better to imagine what the metaverse could be in future and how it’s going to change the way we’re connecting with friends and family as well as how businesses could leverage this technology and benefit in near future.

Metaverse is trying to build everything to be immersive and connect our physical existence with physical like virtual existence. By saying so, it doesn’t mean that everything has to be virtual reality. It could also just be on our smartphone or on a personal computer. You might have noticed that we’re using the tools of the metaverse to create a good portion of this items already. I spend a lot of time these days; first, trying to just define what the metaverse actually is. With the zeal of exploring this technology, I recently signed up to a metaverse platforms named “Oasis” and “Uhive” where I was given to create an avatar of mine and get involved with either VR headset or smartphone itself. Except for daily mundane routines of sleeping, getting up, eating, going to work, hangout with dear ones, whatever I wanna do, I can do it in the Oasis. Hanging around my favorite spots like cities, museums, auditorium, sea beaches etc., meeting new people and starting conversations or watching movies together for a while is just a little in these platforms.

Majority of platforms like these provide tools for people to create their avatars from the very scratch or from a profile photo that they’ve uploaded. This become the virtual version of user which travel between online experiences in any metaverse. Over time, as lot of users are investing time in such future digital world, what I’m most excited about is an economy involved in such platforms. I mean, digital economy is not just related to digital goods and engagement time but also services in an immersive environment to great extent. With my avatar, activities and habituality comes various things. I’m going to need a stylist maybe, unlock features to expand my limitless opportunities or have to earn or buy a virtual home space or so on.

A recent Bloomberg intelligence report believes that the market opportunity for the metaverse could be $800 billion by 2024.

Some tech giants like Microsoft has adapted its workplace meeting software teams for the metaverse already. They’re developing a system called mesh designed to work with a variety of different devices including virtual and augmented reality. Mesh is designed to operate on top of the real world that we live in, using headsets like Microsoft’s HoloLens or even with mobile phones.

Microsoft Mesh Mixed Reality Hero | Image: news.microsoft.com

During pandemic, we all have experienced online meetings and online classes never like before and what we all probably felt as participant of two dimensional flat video meeting was the low effectiveness or fatigued maybe. But with mesh, Microsoft realize they now on the verge of making communication to about less speech and more involvement with facial expressions, gestures and everything else.

With metaverse, I shall be in my living room with the entire team from different geographical location around the same table making eye contact along with all the gestures that are coming into the right place. That can change completely the way we do meetings and work in team. Its not limited only to these meeting things by the way. Metaverse isn’t just about seeing these virtual worlds and interacting via same tools we’re using now but about feeling them as well.

Image: Freepik

Facebook recently changed its company’s branding name as “Meta” to shift it’s focus towards metaverse and probably to dominate the market of VR the earliest possible. They’re working on Oculus VR Headsets affordability rapidly to take advantage as early adopters. Meta has also revealed that it’s been working on a glove that will let the user feel sensations like holding an object and touch/feel as well. The glove has a number of sensors that measure the wearer’s movements. On ethe other hand, air pockets managed across the glove surface inflate to create sensation as well. These gloves aren’t quite ready for prime time yet but they’re an indicator of the kind of research that’s going on behind the surface.

I think we are very-very close, and witnessing every day though, the exodus from a purely physical world to an increasingly immersive synthetic digital world that doesn’t look like one place we all go to, but it’s actually just the blend of the different digital worlds that we experience on our various devices.

There’s no doubt that Metaverse depicts a future internet of 3D immersive spaces linked into a spatial virtual universe, but universal technology standards, affordable and accessible interfaces, security and privacy as well as communication protocols between users, devices and among virtual environment systems are still in development phase.

Porter’s Value Chain Analysis for Hotel Industry

Michael Porter created a concept called value chain analysis to assist firms in identifying the processes that add value for stakeholders and customers. The model is predicated on the notion that organizations are made up of a variety of tasks carried out to develop, create, sell, provide, and support goods and services. Each step in the value chain presents a potential source of competitive advantage and a chance for businesses to streamline their processes and set themselves apart from rivals.

Porter’s value chain model can be used to pinpoint the actions that help create and deliver value to visitors in the hotel sector. Hotels can find areas where they can increase productivity, cut expenses, and improve the guest experience by evaluating the value chain. This can range from obtaining raw materials and controlling inventory to providing individualized service and preserving customer happiness. In the end, hotels may achieve their strategic objectives and acquire a competitive advantage in the market by optimizing their value chain.

Poeter’s framework aids in identifying the many tasks involved in producing value for clients in the hospitality sector is the hotel industry value chain analysis. Primary activities and support activities make up the value chain as described below.

PRIMARY ACTIVITIES:

  1. Inbound Logistics: including the receipt, storage, and distribution of supplies needed for hotel operations are referred to as inbound logistics. By streamlining the procurement process, technology enables the hotel to get goods and services at the lowest cost and with the quickest turnaround.

An example is a cloud-based procurement tool that a hotel may use to automate purchases, monitor inventory levels, and notify workers when it’s time to refill supplies.

  1. Operations: This refers to all of the tasks involved in maintaining a hotel operational, including housekeeping, front desk duties, food and beverage services, and maintenance. Technology contributes to value creation by streamlining operations, cutting costs, and raising service standards.

With an automated housekeeping management system, for instance, a hotel can speed up response times and enhance client satisfaction by enabling housekeepers to manage room cleaning requests from a mobile device.

  1. Outbound logistics: These are all the tasks involved in providing guests with the hotel’s goods and services. By allowing the hotel to deliver goods and services swiftly and effectively, cutting expenses, and raising customer happiness, technology aids in value creation.

A hotel might employ a digital concierge service that enables visitors to use their mobile device to buy room service, make reservations at restaurants, and arrange tours and other activities. This would cut down on wait times and enhance the guest experience.

  1. Marketing & Sales: All of the activities involved in promoting and selling the hotel’s goods and services fall under the category of marketing and sales. By allowing the hotel to reach a larger audience, customize marketing campaigns, and boost revenue, technology aids in value creation.

Using a customer relationship management (CRM) system, for instance, enables a hotel to gather and examine guest information, customise marketing messages, and assess the success of marketing efforts.

  1. Service: This refers to all actions taken to give visitors excellent customer service while they are visiting. By improving the guest experience, cutting down on wait times, and raising customer satisfaction, technology aids in value creation.

A hotel can employ a platform for guest engagement, for instance, that enables visitors to interact with staff via a mobile device in real-time, making personalized recommendations and quickly resolving any difficulties. This promotes client satisfaction and the guest experience.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES:

  1. Procurement: This refers to any actions taken in connection with obtaining the items and services necessary for hotel operations. By automating the procurement process, cutting expenses, and increasing efficiency, technology contributes to value creation.

An example is a cloud-based procurement tool that a hotel may use to automate purchases, monitor inventory levels, and notify workers when it’s time to refill supplies.

  1. Technology development: This term refers to the actions involved in creating and maintaining the technological infrastructure needed to run a hotel. By increasing productivity, cutting costs, and improving the guest experience, technology aids in value creation.

A property management system (PMS) can be used by a hotel to integrate all of its operations, from front desk work to housekeeping, allowing staff to run the establishment more effectively and enhance the visitor experience.

  1. Human Resource Management: Management of human resources comprises all actions taken to oversee the staff at the hotel. Through increasing productivity, lowering expenses, and increasing employee happiness, technology aids in value creation.

The hiring process may be automated, employee performance can be tracked, and employee benefits can be managed using a cloud-based human resource management (HRM) system, for instance, which increases productivity and lowers administrative expenses.

  1. Firm Infrastructure: This refers to all operations involved in maintaining the hotel’s physical assets, such as its buildings, machinery, and facilities. By increasing productivity, cutting costs, and improving the guest experience, technology aids in value creation.

The deployment of a smart building management system by a hotel, for instance, can lower energy costs and enhance visitor satisfaction by monitoring and controlling energy use such as Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operations, lighting, and security.

Top Cloud Computing Service Providers

Cloud Computing is modern computing paradigm or practice of delivering computing services including but not limited to Storage Space, Database, Data analytics, AI and machine learning, Networking, Developer tools and many more. Cloud Computing practice leverage the computer network and servers hosted on internet or other Value-Added Networks to enable people to use the value it provides on pay-per-use basis. Majority of tech giants like Microsoft, Google, Apple have their own cloud where they handle their own need of ever-growing data management, infrastructural services, software and other different services. Though there are many Cloud Service/Solution Providers (CSPs) in market today, I’m trying to introduce 5 major players you should consider. I’ll be extending the list to go even longer in future.


First in my list is Amazon Web Services (AWS), which is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering more than 200 fully featured services from data centers distributed around the world. Millions of customers—including the fastest-growing startups, large enterprises, and leading government agencies—are using AWS to lower costs, become more agile, and innovate faster.


Secondly, Google Cloud is another player in the market with its diverse range of services in cloud arena. Google family of products being already dominant, its popularity is everywhere – from Google Photos to Play Store to YouTube and all. You can get different code samples, architectural diagrams, best practices, tutorials, API references by visiting official Documentation Page and learn how to develop, host, train and scale with Google Cloud.


Next in the list is Azure cloud platform, which offers developers with facility to run and manage applications across multiple clouds, on-premises and at the edge, with the tools and frameworks of their choice. Management of various Microsoft stack-based enterprise solutions and technologies is easy never like before with Azure Cloud. Be it scalable hybrid apps or hosting websites or it be Power Platform applications development, Azure can be used for building, testing, deploying, and managing applications and services with Microsoft data centers. 

Fourth in my list is none other than Alibaba Cloud which was founded in 2009 and is providing reliable and secure cloud computing and data processing capabilities. This Chinese company is a global leader in cloud, artificial intelligence and serving thousands of enterprises, developers, and governments organizations in more than 200 countries around the world.

Lastly, DigitalOcean is an America based cloud service providing company which is mainly focused on the web hosting. Digital Ocean’s Cloud gives developers a reliable and easy to use virtual servers and object storage facility. Founded in 2011, their service modules have always kept developers and small business owners in mind. With DigitalOcean, one can have full control of their infrastructure (with products like Droplets and floating IPs) along with products like App Platform, DigitalOcean Load Balancers, and managed databases etc. Their platform is easy to use and straightforward where developers can expand storage or scale their products as per necessity and collaborate with their team as well.

Update #1:
Comparison between all of the CSPs above in single chart:

Comparison chart credit: Recro

Top 10 Platforms to Host Your Apps for Free

Hi everyone, here I present you the list of top 10 platforms to host your application absolutely free of cost.

1. Heroku is a platform as a service (PaaS) that enables developers to build, run, and operate applications. It lets companies build, deliver, monitor and scale apps — facilitating the fastest way to go from idea to URL, bypassing all those infrastructure headaches.
Get started: Cloud Application Platform | Heroku

2. Vercel
Vercel, company behind next.js react framework, is the best place to deploy any frontend app. You can start by deploying with zero configuration and scale your application as per your plan.
You can get started here: Develop. Preview. Ship. For the best frontend teams – Vercel

3. Firebase
Its another popular cloud based platform founded in 2011 which was acquired by Google in 2014. Firebase provides detailed documentation and cross-platform SDKs to help you build and ship apps on Android, iOS, the web, C++, and Unity. It is popular among developers for creating mobile and web applications.
Get started: Firebase (google.com)

4. Netlify
Netlify is a San Francisco-based cloud computing company that offers hosting and serverless backend services for web applications and static websites. The company provides hosting for websites whose source files are stored in the version control system Git and then generated into static web content files served via a Content Delivery Network. It do have Netlify CMS to tackle limitations of the purely static model and serverless to handle web projects with interactivity.
Get Started: Netlify: Develop & deploy the best web experiences in record time

5. GitHub Pages
GitHub Pages is a static site hosting service that takes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files straight from a repository on GitHub, optionally runs the files through a build process, and publishes a website. 
Get started here: GitHub Pages | Websites for you and your projects, hosted directly from your GitHub repository. Just edit, push, and your changes are live.

6. Render
Render is a unified cloud to build and run all your apps and websites with free SSL, a global CDN, private networks, and auto deploys from Git.
Get started for free here: Cloud Application Hosting for Developers | Render (render-web.onrender.com)

7. AWS
Amazon Web Services (AWS) began offering IT infrastructure as services starting back in 2006 to businesses as web services—now commonly known as cloud computing. It is a subsidiary of Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis.
Get started here: Free Cloud Computing Services – AWS Free Tier (amazon.com)

8. Azure
Azure by Microsoft is a cloud computing that provides software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) to it’s clients. Azure do supports many different programming languages, tools, and frameworks developed by Microsoft and also offers majority of popular third-party software. Azure offers free account with popular services free for 12 months, more than 25 services free always, and $200 credit to use in your first 30 days. 
Get started here: Get started with Azure – Introduction | Microsoft Azure

9. Surge
Surge is an expert in developing fully static websites and applications for front-end developers. Deploy anything in six keystrokes. There’s only six keystrokes between you and deployment: Type surge and hit enter in your project directory to get it online immediately. 
Try it here: Surge

10. GitLab Pages
GitLab makes it incredibly easy to build, deploy, and host your modern static websites via their free GitLab Pages service, which provides native support for numerous Static Site Generators (SSG), such as Gatsby, Next.js, Nuxt, Jekyll, Hugo, Hexo, Middleman and Pelican. To get started with GitLab, you can either fork an existing project, or you create a new one for yourself. On the GitLab Pages Quick Start Guide, which is, by the way, a site built with Middleman, you will find the steps for forking an existing project from a list of examples prepared for you.
Get started for free here: Try GitLab for free | GitLab

Hope you find this list useful.
Thanks!

Free Platforms To Get Design Inspiration For Your Next Project

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Hi everyone, welcome to my blog once again. Are you looking for the best platforms to get Ideas for any kind of design works? Well, In this article, I’m going to share with you some of the awesomely cool platforms for designers in 2021. These platforms will help you to sketch your idea and implement in your next project more easily.

1. Behance.net
Behance, part of Adobe, is the leading platform to showcase & discover creative work. Creative people around the world join Behance, entering a community made with their original work and creative process in mind. Users showcase their work in the form of profiles comprised of Projects. Behance is the world’s largest creative network for showcasing and discovering creative works.

2. Dribbble.com
Dribbble is the leading destination to find & showcase creative work and home to the world’s best design professionals. Dribbble is the world’s leading community for creatives to share, grow, and get hired. Dribbble is the world’s leading community for creatives to share, grow, and get hired. Tens of millions of people look for design inspiration and feedback on Dribbble. We help players like you share small screenshots (shots) to show off your current projects, boost your portfolio, and love what you do—no matter what kind of creative professional you are. Founded in 2009, we are a bootstrapped and profitable company helping design talent share, grow, and get hired by over 40,000 of today’s most innovative brands around the world. Some of the companies that dribble helped includes AppleAirbnbIDEOFacebookGoogleDropboxSlackShopifyLyft etc.


3. UIGarage.net
Find specific design inspiration for web, mobile and tablet. Search over 5,981 patterns categorized and handpicked for you. If you are passionate about UI, design and anything related to them, and you have something to share about the field, then UIGarage also welcome you to write guest posts.


4. CollectUI.com
A platform for your daily inspiration collected from daily ui & beyond. Based on Dribbble shots, hand picked. They automatically discover new shots every day. You can also join their network as the collectors by installing this Chrome extension. If you are on Dribbble you’ll be appearing on collectors page.


5. SiteInspire.com
Siteinspire is a showcase of the finest web and interactive design. You can also submit and list your site in siteinspire. They look for cleanliness and simplicity without excessive gimmicks or decoration. Sites that use Flash unnecessarily won’t be featured in their platform. It showcases the best web design, highlighting examples of exciting visual and interface design and could be a resource of inspiration for your next web design project.


6. Awwwards.com
IT is the platform that recognize the talent and effort of the best web designers, developers and agencies in the world. It is a meeting point, where digital design professionals from across the globe find inspiration, impart knowledge and experience, connect, and share constructive, respectful critiques. 


7. OnePageLove.com
“One Pager” is a Single Page website with no additional pages like About, Team or Services. All the content sits within the same webpage, traditionally in a long-scrolling layout. The beauty of a One Page website is it tries to promote one thing in an uncluttered, direct manner. This allows the visitor to make a quicker decision vs sending them to a bloated website with many options and pages. The One Page Love website was launched in March 2008 using custom WordPress theme by Rob Hope in Cape Town, South Africa who continues to add One Page websites and resources daily.


8. LogoInspirations.co
LogoInspirations is a community for logo designers to learn and be inspired. You can get a membership of this platform and membership is made for logo designers, who seek to be inspired, stay creative, connect, share projects and get feedback.


9. Designspiration.com
Designspiration is committed to being the best product that it can. If you have questions, comments, or suggestions on how to improve the Designspiration experience. You can use Designspiration unless you’re under 13. If you do not qualify for registration, you are not permitted to open an account or use the Services.

Top Programming Languages to Learn in 2022: PART – 1

1. JavaScript
Programming language JavaScript, frequently referred to as JS, complies with the ECMAScript specification. It is a multi-paradigm, high-level language that is becoming more and more popular among businesses and people all over the world. It is also frequently just-in-time compiled. The JavaScript Code Library, a potent multi-language source code library that can assist you in accomplishing practically anything, is to blame. It has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. You can try it by going to JavaScript.com, which provide resource for the JavaScript community. You will find resources and examples for JavaScript beginners as well as support for JavaScript experts there.

2. Python
Python is a high-level, all-purpose programming language that is interpreted. Its design philosophy prioritizes code readability and enables quick work and more efficient system integration. It is one of many open-source object-oriented programming (OOP) languages that are offered for purchase. Python is used for a variety of things, including web development, data analysis, machine learning, and application development. You can learn Python from various sources on internet and mine favorite to recommend is Educba.

3. Go
Programming language Go was created at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is statically typed and compiled. Although Go has memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and concurrency in the CSP fashion, it is syntactically identical to C. Because of its domain name, golang.org, the language is frequently referred to as Go, while its official name is Go. Building services with Go is now simpler than ever thanks to a robust ecosystem of tools and APIs on well-known cloud providers. Go is becoming more and more popular in today’s web application development because to its improved memory speed and compatibility for several IDEs. Explore a wealth of learning resources, including guided journeys, courses, books, and more by going to it’s official platform here.

4. Java
The most popular programming language and development environment is Java. Costs are decreased, development times are shortened, innovation is stimulated, and application services are enhanced. Java continues to remain the development platform of choice for multinational corporations and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) from all over the world, with millions of developers managing more than 51 billion Java Virtual Machines globally. Go to the Oracle website to download the Java SDK to get started. I would like to recommend this video tutorial for absolute beginners.

5. Kotlin
Kotlin is a cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose and trending programming language. It is easy to learn, especially if you already know Java and is 100% compatible with Java as well. Kotlin is also compiles to JavaScript (e.g., for frontend web applications using React) or native code (via LLVM); e.g., for native iOS apps sharing business logic with Android apps. I would like to recommend learning Kotlin from scratch by going to Android’s developer platform or by following this awesome video tutorial for beginners.

Facebook Down for 6 hours ― everything you need to know

Facebook family of apps gone through a rare yet lengthy outage on Monday’s night and cost of this technical glitch is getting reflected everywhere. With a day outage in 2008, 14 hours outage in 2019 and now for almost 6 hours, it seems that Facebook is gradually loosing control from their technology and downtime control. According to Facebook, cause of recent outage was faulty system configuration which took their team hours to resolve.

Facebook recently published a blog explaining what was happened and apologized for inconvenience. Facebook’s Official Blog writes,

To all the people and businesses around the world who depend on us, we are sorry for the inconvenience caused by today’s outage across our platforms. We’ve been working as hard as we can to restore access, and our systems are now back up and running. The underlying cause of this outage also impacted many of the internal tools and systems we use in our day-to-day operations, complicating our attempts to quickly diagnose and resolve the problem.

According to their official blog, they did experienced problems in tools and other technologies inside company that made the problem solution even more complicated.

“Our engineering teams have learned that configuration changes on the backbone routers that coordinate network traffic between our data centers caused issues that interrupted this communication. This disruption to network traffic had a cascading effect on the way our data centers communicate, bringing our services to a halt.”

According to Facebook, they also have no evidence that user data was compromised as a result of this downtime.

Facebook and WhatsApp did apologized on Twitter and writes,

CTO Mike Schorepfer on Twitter writes,

Along with billions of daily active users, businesses as well as investors seems to gradually loosing trust over this tech giant. Recent outage cost in billions for the company as well and reports are coming from around the world stating that their market value seems declining as well.

According to forbes, their shares gone down by 4.8% and zapping away billions from CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s fortune. To be exact, Zuckerberg’s net worth declined by $5.9 billion in total.

With this huge loss from his net worth, he has also slipped from 5th richest person to 6th richest person in the world billionaires list.

Agile Software Process Model – An Introduction

Agile is a software development model that encourages the continuous iteration of development and testing in the entire software development lifecycle of the project. It’s a modern approach in Software Development in which requirements and solution evolve through the collaborative effort of self organizing and cross-functional team along with their customers or end users. It is related to the method of project management, used especially for software and web apps development, that is characterized by the division of tasks into short chunk of work and frequent reassessment and adaptation of plans.

Image: Advantages of Agile Model | Source: hachinet

In agile approach, which is guided by the Principles of Agile Manifesto, both the development as well as testing activities are concurrent. Majority of documentation tasks like that in waterfall and prototype models are avoided and every activities in this model move very fast. Product development traverse through activities like Requirements Collection, Planning, Design and Development, Testing, Release and Monitoring very fast in this model of software development.

IN AGILE MODEL, values are delivered to customers in small increments onE after another where they get time and chance to experience it and provide feedback right away.

Key Point to Remember

As inputs and requirements from all the stakeholders as well as executives, customers, end users and team as a whole are collected, process proceed by gathering all the high level(Generic) requirements and features in one place. The initial list of high level requirements are referred to as epic. Epic is nothing other than collection of client’s organizational/business needs.
For example: As a teacher,
I’m having difficulty in managing students attendance and I need an application that can be used in classroom for students attendance management.

(Above need can be taken as an example of epic. It only address “why?” part of software development and cover huge requirement.)

Collected epic is further divided into workable chunks of functional categories which are referred to as stories. Collection of stories form epic, means that stories are nothing other than decomposition of high level requirement into parts or collection of features. From the example of epic depicted above, clients or customers need can be presented in form of stories.
For example: As a Teacher,
Story #1. I should be able to login to system
Story #2. I can view students details
Story #3. I can filter student information weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly.

(Above 3 stories make team clear on “what?” part of the process. i.e. What actually the customer need as features of software that is going to be developed.)

Stories are further decomposed to narrow scope of actions and referred to as tasks. There may be numerous tasks in single activity. Tasks are collection of well defined actions that development and quality assurance team perform on daily basis. So mainly two varieties of tasks Development Tasks and Quality Assurance Tasks are prepared here. From the story #1 above, we can divide actions and define the tasks/solutions.
For example,
Development Tasks to carried out in Login System can be
1. Review the requirement and Estimate
2. Design and Code
3. Unit and Integration Testing

Development Tasks to carried out in Login System can be
1. Review Story
2. Develop Test case, plan test scenario, gather test data
3. Set up the test environment
4. Execute Test and Report bugs if there’re any

(This gives a clear picture of “how?” part of software process, i.e. features that are to be developed and tested by team.)

What is Scrum?

Another part in Agile Software Process is framework for software process. Framework defines how team work to develop system in collaborative manner actually. Some frameworks that are guided by Agile philosophy includes Extreme Programming(XP), Rapid Software Development(RAD), Scrum, Feature Driven Development(FDD), Lean Method, Crystal Method etc. Among them, Scrum is one of the most popular Agile methodologies as of today. In short, all Scrum projects incorporate Agile philosophy, but not all Agile projects necessarily use the Scrum.

Agile Scrum Roles:

Scrum Master Facilitates the overall process. He/she encourage, facilitate, reflect, share, reward and protect whole team. Main role is to guide the project team and the product owner during the development phase and ensures that the team is implementing all the required agile practices properly.
Product Owner Get requirements from clients, define features, decide release date, prioritize features, modify features as per need, and accept or reject results. Their main role is to interconnect client/business part with the development team.
Scrum TeamInclude Development Professionals(designers, architects, engineers etc.) and Quality Assurance professionals. Their main role is to transform the client’s needs to working system.

Definition of Ready(DOR) and Definition of Done(DOD): List of prerequisites / conditions by satisfying which story or task are considered either ready for test or done.

Fig: Agile Scrum Framework of Software Process | Image: Tuleap

How agile scrum team work?

With the input from executives, team, stakeholders, customers and users of system, Project Owner list clients epics and stories to create list of features called as Product Backlog. Product backlog contains all the requirements of customer.

Whole team(Owner, Developers, Testers, Scrum Master) sit on a meeting to plan for the estimated delivery of each features or user stories based on priorities and feasibility. Development team and QA team give some estimation point(usually a random number of days like 1,2,3,5,8,13,.. etc.) to collected client stories. Based on these estimations, Whole project development time is sliced into small fractions where group of actions are performed and each chunk is referred to as sprint. Sprint is a term that refer to a short time period or iteration(usually of 2 weeks to 1 month) during which new features are designed, developed, tested and incremented into project as a release. Sprint plan made in participation of development and QA team is often referred to as Sprint Backlog.

Developers and QAs write their own task for each stories and execute task actively in collaborative manner. Though sprint time may be of 2 weeks to 1 months, team meet everyday to report status of last as well as next activity and blockages(if any).

Team uses varieties of software management tools to track and monitor activities, deliverables, releases and overall status of software process. We, at illionSo Technologies, are using Scrum Boards(excessively) as well as Kanban Boards(rarely) to track agile process activities. We do use project management tools like Jira – for medium scale software development and Trello – for web project management.

Image: Agile Scrum Board example | Source: illionSo

Thanks and happy learning!

#geeksagar